Kamis, 09 Mei 2013
Multicast IPv6 dengan Static RP
Pada IPV6, tidak ada Multicast dense mode. Sehingga secara default
mode yang tersedia adalah multicast sparse mode. Tanpa dikonfigurasi pun
sudah available pada router tersebut.
Selain itu, pada IPV6 tidak terdapat RP, sehingga yang dikonfigurasi adalah Bootstrap (BSR)
Join group multicast tidak menggunakan IGMP, melainkan MLD (Multicast listening Discovery).
Yang akan di Lab kan kali ini adalah topologi sederhana berikut ini :
Konfigurasi R1 :
ipv6 unicast-routing
ipv6 multicast-routing
!
interface Loopback0
no ip address
ipv6 address 1::1/128
ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
!
interface Ethernet0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address 12::1/120
ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
ipv6 pim rp-address 1::1
ipv6 router ospf 1
router-id 1.1.1.1
router-id 1.1.1.1
Konfigurasi R2 :
ipv6 unicast-routing
ipv6 multicast-routing
interface Loopback0
no ip address
ipv6 address 2::2/128
ipv6 mld join-group FF03::1
ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
!
interface Ethernet0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address 12::2/120
ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
ipv6 pim rp-address 1::1
ipv6 multicast-routing
interface Loopback0
no ip address
ipv6 address 2::2/128
ipv6 mld join-group FF03::1
ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
!
interface Ethernet0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address 12::2/120
ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
ipv6 pim rp-address 1::1
ipv6 router ospf 1
router-id 2.2.2.2
router-id 2.2.2.2
R1#ping ff03::1
Output Interface: loopback0
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to FF03::1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 1::1
Reply to request 0 received from 2::2, 42 ms
Reply to request 1 received from 2::2, 6 ms
Reply to request 2 received from 2::2, 5 ms
Output Interface: loopback0
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to FF03::1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 1::1
Reply to request 0 received from 2::2, 42 ms
Reply to request 1 received from 2::2, 6 ms
Reply to request 2 received from 2::2, 5 ms
Multicast IPv6 dengan Bootstrap
Pada IPV6, tidak ada Multicast dense mode. Sehingga secara default
mode yang tersedia adalah multicast sparse mode. Tanpa dikonfigurasi pun
sudah available pada router tersebut.
Selain itu, pada IPV6 tidak terdapat RP, sehingga yang dikonfigurasi adalah Bootstrap (BSR)
Join group multicast tidak menggunakan IGMP, melainkan MLD (Multicast listening Discovery).
Yang akan di Lab kan kali ini adalah topologi sederhana berikut ini :
Konfigurasi R1 :
ipv6 unicast-routing
ipv6 multicast-routing
!
interface Loopback0
no ip address
ipv6 address 1::1/128
ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
!
interface Ethernet0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address 12::1/120
ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
ipv6 pim bsr candidate bsr 1::1
ipv6 pim bsr announced rp 1::1
ipv6 router ospf 1
router-id 1.1.1.1
Konfigurasi R2 :
ipv6 unicast-routing
ipv6 multicast-routing
interface Loopback0
no ip address
ipv6 address 2::2/128
ipv6 mld join-group FF03::1
ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
!
interface Ethernet0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address 12::2/120
ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
ipv6 router ospf 1
router-id 2.2.2.2
ipv6 multicast-routing
interface Loopback0
no ip address
ipv6 address 2::2/128
ipv6 mld join-group FF03::1
ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
!
interface Ethernet0/0
no ip address
ipv6 address 12::2/120
ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
ipv6 router ospf 1
router-id 2.2.2.2
Verifikasi :
R2#sh ipv6 pim bsr election
PIMv2 BSR information
BSR Election Information
Scope Range List: ff00::/8
BSR Address: 1::1
Uptime: 00:07:58, BSR Priority: 0, Hash mask length: 126
RPF: FE80::30FF:FE00:100,Ethernet0/0
BS Timer: 00:01:13
PIMv2 BSR information
BSR Election Information
Scope Range List: ff00::/8
BSR Address: 1::1
Uptime: 00:07:58, BSR Priority: 0, Hash mask length: 126
RPF: FE80::30FF:FE00:100,Ethernet0/0
BS Timer: 00:01:13
R1#sh ipv6 pim bsr election
PIMv2 BSR information
BSR Election Information
Scope Range List: ff00::/8
This system is the Bootstrap Router (BSR)
BSR Address: 1::1
Uptime: 00:08:27, BSR Priority: 0, Hash mask length: 126
RPF: FE80::30FF:FE00:100,Loopback0
BS Timer: 00:00:34
This system is candidate BSR
Candidate BSR address: 1::1, priority: 0, hash mask length: 126
PIMv2 BSR information
BSR Election Information
Scope Range List: ff00::/8
This system is the Bootstrap Router (BSR)
BSR Address: 1::1
Uptime: 00:08:27, BSR Priority: 0, Hash mask length: 126
RPF: FE80::30FF:FE00:100,Loopback0
BS Timer: 00:00:34
This system is candidate BSR
Candidate BSR address: 1::1, priority: 0, hash mask length: 126
R1#ping ff03::1
Output Interface: loopback0
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to FF03::1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 1::1
Reply to request 0 received from 2::2, 42 ms
Reply to request 1 received from 2::2, 6 ms
Reply to request 2 received from 2::2, 5 ms
Output Interface: loopback0
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to FF03::1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 1::1
Reply to request 0 received from 2::2, 42 ms
Reply to request 1 received from 2::2, 6 ms
Reply to request 2 received from 2::2, 5 ms
Source Specific Multicast (SSM)
Jika belum tahu type-type multicast routing, silakan klik disini
Pada lab SSM kali ini, kita akan melakukan filtering source paket dengan join group IGMP versi 3.
Berikut topologinya :
Konfigurasi R1 :
ip multicast-routing
interface Loopback0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
ip pim sparse-mode
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
ip pim sparse-mode
router ospf 1
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
ip pim rp-address 1.1.1.1
Konfigurasi R2 :
ip multicast-routing
interface Loopback0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
ip pim sparse-mode
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
ip pim sparse-mode
!
interface Ethernet0/1
ip address 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0
ip pim sparse-mode
ip igmp join-group 225.0.0.1 source 1.1.1.1
ip igmp version 3
!
router ospf 1
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
ip pim ssm range 1
!
access-list 1 permit 225.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
Konfigurasi R3 :
ip multicast-routing
interface Loopback0
ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
ip pim sparse-mode
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 23.23.23.3 255.255.255.0
ip pim sparse-mode
router ospf 1
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
ip pim rp-address 1.1.1.1
Verifikasi :
R1#ping 225.0.0.1 source e0/0 repeat 5
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 225.0.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 12.12.12.1
.....
Paket di atas tdk dapat mencapai alamat 225.0.0.1 karena sourcenya dibatasi hanya dari ip 1.1.1.1 atau loopback 0 R1.
R1#ping 225.0.0.1 source lo0 re
R1#ping 225.0.0.1 source lo0 repeat 5
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 225.0.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 1.1.1.1
Reply to request 0 from 23.23.23.2, 2 ms
Reply to request 0 from 23.23.23.2, 2 ms
Reply to request 1 from 23.23.23.2, 1 ms
Reply to request 1 from 23.23.23.2, 1 ms
Paket dapat reply dari 23.23.23.2 yang melakukan join ke group 225.0.0.1
Pada lab SSM kali ini, kita akan melakukan filtering source paket dengan join group IGMP versi 3.
Berikut topologinya :
Konfigurasi R1 :
ip multicast-routing
interface Loopback0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
ip pim sparse-mode
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
ip pim sparse-mode
router ospf 1
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
ip pim rp-address 1.1.1.1
Konfigurasi R2 :
ip multicast-routing
interface Loopback0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
ip pim sparse-mode
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
ip pim sparse-mode
!
interface Ethernet0/1
ip address 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0
ip pim sparse-mode
ip igmp join-group 225.0.0.1 source 1.1.1.1
ip igmp version 3
!
router ospf 1
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
ip pim ssm range 1
!
access-list 1 permit 225.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
Konfigurasi R3 :
ip multicast-routing
interface Loopback0
ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
ip pim sparse-mode
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 23.23.23.3 255.255.255.0
ip pim sparse-mode
router ospf 1
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
ip pim rp-address 1.1.1.1
Verifikasi :
R1#ping 225.0.0.1 source e0/0 repeat 5
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 225.0.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 12.12.12.1
.....
Paket di atas tdk dapat mencapai alamat 225.0.0.1 karena sourcenya dibatasi hanya dari ip 1.1.1.1 atau loopback 0 R1.
R1#ping 225.0.0.1 source lo0 re
R1#ping 225.0.0.1 source lo0 repeat 5
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 225.0.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 1.1.1.1
Reply to request 0 from 23.23.23.2, 2 ms
Reply to request 0 from 23.23.23.2, 2 ms
Reply to request 1 from 23.23.23.2, 1 ms
Reply to request 1 from 23.23.23.2, 1 ms
Paket dapat reply dari 23.23.23.2 yang melakukan join ke group 225.0.0.1
Multicast Routing Sparse Dense Mode
Pada Multicast routing sparse dense mode, pemilihan RP dilakukan secara Auto dengan mengkonfigurasikan mapping agent.
Bagi yang belum baca, silakan kunjungi link ini
Topologi Lab :
Konfigurasi R1 :
ip multicast-routing
interface Loopback0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
ip pim sparse-dense-mode
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
ip pim sparse-dense-mode
router ospf 1
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
Konfigurasi R2 :
ip multicast-routing
interface Loopback0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
ip pim sparse-dense-mode
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
ip pim sparse-dense-mode
!
interface Ethernet0/1
ip address 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0
ip pim sparse-dense-mode
!
router ospf 1
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
ip pim send-rp-announce Loopback0 scope 255 ------>> menjadikan Lo0 R2 sbgai RP
ip pim send-rp-discovery scope 255 ------>> utk menjadikan Mapping Agent
Bagi yang belum baca, silakan kunjungi link ini
Topologi Lab :
Konfigurasi R1 :
ip multicast-routing
interface Loopback0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
ip pim sparse-dense-mode
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
ip pim sparse-dense-mode
router ospf 1
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
Konfigurasi R2 :
ip multicast-routing
interface Loopback0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
ip pim sparse-dense-mode
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
ip pim sparse-dense-mode
!
interface Ethernet0/1
ip address 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0
ip pim sparse-dense-mode
!
router ospf 1
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
ip pim send-rp-announce Loopback0 scope 255 ------>> menjadikan Lo0 R2 sbgai RP
ip pim send-rp-discovery scope 255 ------>> utk menjadikan Mapping Agent
Multicast Routing Sparse Mode
Bagi yang belum membaca multicast routing, dapat di klik disini
Topologi lab kali ini adalah :
Konfigurasi R1 :
ip multicast-routing
interface Loopback0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
ip pim sparse-mode
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
ip pim sparse-mode
!
router ospf 1
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
ip pim rp-address 1.1.1.1 -------> create RP address (pakai loopback 0)
Konfigurasi R2 :
ip multicast-routing
interface Loopback0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
ip pim sparse-mode
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
ip pim sparse-mode
!
interface Ethernet0/1
ip address 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0
ip pim sparse-mode
!
router ospf 1
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
ip pim rp-address 1.1.1.1 --------> RP addressnya adalah loopback0 R1
Topologi lab kali ini adalah :
Konfigurasi R1 :
ip multicast-routing
interface Loopback0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
ip pim sparse-mode
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
ip pim sparse-mode
!
router ospf 1
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
ip pim rp-address 1.1.1.1 -------> create RP address (pakai loopback 0)
Konfigurasi R2 :
ip multicast-routing
interface Loopback0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
ip pim sparse-mode
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
ip pim sparse-mode
!
interface Ethernet0/1
ip address 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0
ip pim sparse-mode
!
router ospf 1
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
ip pim rp-address 1.1.1.1 --------> RP addressnya adalah loopback0 R1
Multicast routing Dense Mode
Pada lab kali ini akan dibahas tentang multicast Dense mode dengan topologi sederhana.
Konfigurasi pada R1 :
ip multicast-routing
interface Loopback0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
ip pim dense-mode
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
ip pim dense-mode
!
router ospf 1
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
Konfigurasi pada R2 :
ip multicast-routing
interface Loopback0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
ip pim dense-mode
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
ip pim dense-mode
!
interface Ethernet0/1
ip address 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0
ip pim dense-mode
router ospf 1
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
Konfigurasi pada R3 :
ip multicast-routing
interface Loopback0
ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0
ip pim dense-mode
ip igmp join-group 239.0.0.1 --------->> int loopback 0 join ke group multicast ini
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 23.23.23.3 255.255.255.0
ip pim dense-mode
!
router ospf 1
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
Verifikasi
R1#ping 239.0.0.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 1, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 239.0.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Reply to request 0 from 3.3.3.3, 42 ms
Reply to request 0 from 3.3.3.3, 42 ms
saat kita melakukan ping ke multicast address yang join ke int loopback R3, maka akan dapat reply dari int loopback tersebut. IP address 3.3.3.3 adalah milik interface loopback R3.
Konfigurasi pada R1 :
ip multicast-routing
interface Loopback0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
ip pim dense-mode
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
ip pim dense-mode
!
router ospf 1
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
Konfigurasi pada R2 :
ip multicast-routing
interface Loopback0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
ip pim dense-mode
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
ip pim dense-mode
!
interface Ethernet0/1
ip address 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0
ip pim dense-mode
router ospf 1
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
Konfigurasi pada R3 :
ip multicast-routing
interface Loopback0
ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0
ip pim dense-mode
ip igmp join-group 239.0.0.1 --------->> int loopback 0 join ke group multicast ini
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 23.23.23.3 255.255.255.0
ip pim dense-mode
!
router ospf 1
network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
Verifikasi
R1#ping 239.0.0.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 1, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 239.0.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Reply to request 0 from 3.3.3.3, 42 ms
Reply to request 0 from 3.3.3.3, 42 ms
saat kita melakukan ping ke multicast address yang join ke int loopback R3, maka akan dapat reply dari int loopback tersebut. IP address 3.3.3.3 adalah milik interface loopback R3.
Multicast Routing
Pada materi CCIE RS terdapat pembahasan Multicast routing. Secara simple, Multicast berarti mengirim dari satu sumber ke banyak tujuan dalam 1 group. Bedanya dengan broadcast yaitu broadcast dikirim ke semua tujuan tanpa memandang group. Analogi Multicast yang mudah kita jumpai adalah BBM group (Blackberry Messanger). Jika kita mengirimkan sebuah pesan ke semua anggota dalam sebuah group, misalnya group SHOPPING, maka semua anggota yang tergabung dalam group tersebut akan menerima pesan yang kita kirim.Namun tidak semua yang ada dalam contact list kita tergabung dalam group tersebut. Yang tidak tergabung tidak akan menerima pesan yang kita sampaikan.
Terdapat beberapa mode Multicast routing, antara lain :
1. Dense Mode. Dense mode akan membanjiri (flooding) trafik multicast ke semua router, tanpa request dari router lain. Namun jika ada anggota yang tidak ingin menerima trafik multicast dapat melakukan request (prune message), sehingga tidak lagi menerima trafik multicast. Namun demikian, setiap 3 detik proses flooding yang kemudian diikuti prunning berlangsung terus menerus, sehingga tidak effisien dalam penggunaannya.
2. Sparse Mode. Sparse Mode melakukan pengiriman trafik multicast hanya pada host yang melakukan request. Pada sparse mode ini ada router yang akan menjadi RP (Rendezvous Point). Konsep RP ini sebenarnya mirip dengan RR pada routing BGP, yaitu bertugas untuk mengirimkan trafik multicast ke host yang melakukan request multicast, serta meroutingkan host yang meminta multicast ke router yang melakukan join group. Sederhananya, semua router terhubung ke RP untuk melakukan request multicast.
Secara default, penentuan router mana yang akan menjadi RP pada sparse mode hanya bisa dilakukan dengan cara Manual, yaitu men-create RP-Address pada setiap router, sedangkan cara Auto yaitu harus di force dengan menuliskan command #ip pim autorp listener pada semua router.
3. Sparse Dense mode. Seperti yang telah saya sebutkan di atas bahwa secara default penentuan RP pada sparse mode dilakukan dengan cara manual. Namun sebenarnya bisa dilakukan auto dengan menambahkan dense-mode. Kenapa harus menambahkan dense mode?? Karena dense mode yang akan mengirimkan RP candidate dan Mapping agent ke router-router yang lain. Namun demikian saat pendistribusian Multicast trafik tetap menggunakan sparse-mode.
Pada mode ini, selain menentukan RP, juga menentukan Mapping agent. Mapping agent ini bertugas menentukan router mana yang akan mejadi RP dan kemuadian memberitahukan kepada router lain.
4. Source Specific Multicast (SSM). Pada Mode-mode di atas, source multicast berasal dari berbagai sumber. Nah, sebenarnya kita pun bisa membatasi source dari muticast dengan menggunakan mode SSM. SSM join menggunakan IGMP versi 3 yang memiliki kemampuan filtering terhadap source multicast.
Rabu, 08 Mei 2013
Frame Relay End to End Keepalive
Tujuan lab kali ini adalah membuat link backup pada network Frame relay. Jika terjadi loss connection pada jalur utama frame relay, maka secara otomatis link akan memilih jalur backup untuk dilalui.
Topologi yang akan kita bahas adalah sebagai berikut :
Konfigurasi pada FRSW
interface Serial0/0
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay intf-type dce
frame-relay route 102 interface Serial0/1 201
frame-relay route 103 interface Serial0/2 301
!
interface Serial0/1
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay intf-type dce
frame-relay route 201 interface Serial0/0 102
!
interface Serial0/2
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay intf-type dce
frame-relay route 301 interface Serial0/0 103
Konfigurasi pada R1:
interface Loopback0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
!
interface Serial0/0
no ip address
no ip split-horizon eigrp 10
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial0/0.1 multipoint
backup interface Serial0/2
ip address 14.14.14.1 255.255.255.0
frame-relay class FREEK
frame-relay interface-dlci 102
frame-relay interface-dlci 103
!
interface Serial0/1
ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial0/2
ip address 13.13.13.1 255.255.255.0
serial restart-delay 0
!
router eigrp 10
network 0.0.0.0
!
map-class frame-relay FREEK
frame-relay end-to-end keepalive mode bidirectional
Konfigurasi pada R2 :
interface Loopback0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
!
interface Serial0/0
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial0/0.1 point-to-point
ip address 14.14.14.2 255.255.255.0
frame-relay interface-dlci 201
class FREEK
!
interface Serial0/1
ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
serial restart-delay 0
!
router eigrp 10
network 0.0.0.0
!
map-class frame-relay FREEK
frame-relay end-to-end keepalive mode bidirectional
Konfigurasi pada R3 :
interface Loopback0
ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
!
interface Serial0/0
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial0/0.1 point-to-point
ip address 14.14.14.3 255.255.255.0
frame-relay interface-dlci 301
class FREEK
!
interface Serial0/1
ip address 13.13.13.3 255.255.255.0
serial restart-delay 0
!
router eigrp 10
network 0.0.0.0
map-class frame-relay FREEK
frame-relay end-to-end keepalive mode bidirectional
Verifikasi :
R1#sh frame-relay end-to-end keepalive
End-to-end Keepalive Statistics for Interface Serial0/0 (Frame Relay DTE)
DLCI = 102, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, VC STATUS = ACTIVE (EEK UP)
SEND SIDE STATISTICS
Send Sequence Number: 76, Receive Sequence Number: 77
Configured Event Window: 3, Configured Error Threshold: 2
Total Observed Events: 80, Total Observed Errors: 1
Monitored Events: 3, Monitored Errors: 0
Successive Successes: 3, End-to-end VC Status: UP
RECEIVE SIDE STATISTICS
Send Sequence Number: 78, Receive Sequence Number: 77
Configured Event Window: 3, Configured Error Threshold: 2
Total Observed Events: 80, Total Observed Errors: 0
Monitored Events: 3, Monitored Errors: 0
Successive Successes: 3, End-to-end VC Status: UP
DLCI = 103, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, VC STATUS = ACTIVE (EEK UP)
SEND SIDE STATISTICS
Send Sequence Number: 76, Receive Sequence Number: 77
Configured Event Window: 3, Configured Error Threshold: 2
Total Observed Events: 80, Total Observed Errors: 1
Monitored Events: 3, Monitored Errors: 0
Successive Successes: 3, End-to-end VC Status: UP
RECEIVE SIDE STATISTICS
Send Sequence Number: 78, Receive Sequence Number: 77
Configured Event Window: 3, Configured Error Threshold: 2
Total Observed Events: 80, Total Observed Errors: 0
Monitored Events: 3, Monitored Errors: 0
Successive Successes: 3, End-to-end VC Status: UP
Topologi yang akan kita bahas adalah sebagai berikut :
Konfigurasi pada FRSW
interface Serial0/0
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay intf-type dce
frame-relay route 102 interface Serial0/1 201
frame-relay route 103 interface Serial0/2 301
!
interface Serial0/1
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay intf-type dce
frame-relay route 201 interface Serial0/0 102
!
interface Serial0/2
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay intf-type dce
frame-relay route 301 interface Serial0/0 103
Konfigurasi pada R1:
interface Loopback0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
!
interface Serial0/0
no ip address
no ip split-horizon eigrp 10
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial0/0.1 multipoint
backup interface Serial0/2
ip address 14.14.14.1 255.255.255.0
frame-relay class FREEK
frame-relay interface-dlci 102
frame-relay interface-dlci 103
!
interface Serial0/1
ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial0/2
ip address 13.13.13.1 255.255.255.0
serial restart-delay 0
!
router eigrp 10
network 0.0.0.0
!
map-class frame-relay FREEK
frame-relay end-to-end keepalive mode bidirectional
Konfigurasi pada R2 :
interface Loopback0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
!
interface Serial0/0
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial0/0.1 point-to-point
ip address 14.14.14.2 255.255.255.0
frame-relay interface-dlci 201
class FREEK
!
interface Serial0/1
ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
serial restart-delay 0
!
router eigrp 10
network 0.0.0.0
!
map-class frame-relay FREEK
frame-relay end-to-end keepalive mode bidirectional
Konfigurasi pada R3 :
interface Loopback0
ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
!
interface Serial0/0
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial0/0.1 point-to-point
ip address 14.14.14.3 255.255.255.0
frame-relay interface-dlci 301
class FREEK
!
interface Serial0/1
ip address 13.13.13.3 255.255.255.0
serial restart-delay 0
!
router eigrp 10
network 0.0.0.0
map-class frame-relay FREEK
frame-relay end-to-end keepalive mode bidirectional
Verifikasi :
R1#sh frame-relay end-to-end keepalive
End-to-end Keepalive Statistics for Interface Serial0/0 (Frame Relay DTE)
DLCI = 102, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, VC STATUS = ACTIVE (EEK UP)
SEND SIDE STATISTICS
Send Sequence Number: 76, Receive Sequence Number: 77
Configured Event Window: 3, Configured Error Threshold: 2
Total Observed Events: 80, Total Observed Errors: 1
Monitored Events: 3, Monitored Errors: 0
Successive Successes: 3, End-to-end VC Status: UP
RECEIVE SIDE STATISTICS
Send Sequence Number: 78, Receive Sequence Number: 77
Configured Event Window: 3, Configured Error Threshold: 2
Total Observed Events: 80, Total Observed Errors: 0
Monitored Events: 3, Monitored Errors: 0
Successive Successes: 3, End-to-end VC Status: UP
DLCI = 103, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, VC STATUS = ACTIVE (EEK UP)
SEND SIDE STATISTICS
Send Sequence Number: 76, Receive Sequence Number: 77
Configured Event Window: 3, Configured Error Threshold: 2
Total Observed Events: 80, Total Observed Errors: 1
Monitored Events: 3, Monitored Errors: 0
Successive Successes: 3, End-to-end VC Status: UP
RECEIVE SIDE STATISTICS
Send Sequence Number: 78, Receive Sequence Number: 77
Configured Event Window: 3, Configured Error Threshold: 2
Total Observed Events: 80, Total Observed Errors: 0
Monitored Events: 3, Monitored Errors: 0
Successive Successes: 3, End-to-end VC Status: UP
Frame Relay PPP Multipoint
Pada Frame Relay, authentication yang dapat digunakan yaitu PPP authentication. Pada PPP ini, username yang digunakan pada router kita adalah hostname router lawan, dan sebaliknya username pada router lawan menggunakan hostname router kita.
Pada switch, untuk menggabungkan beberapa link menjadi 1 group dikenal dengan istilah ether channel. Sedangkan pada FR, dikenal dengan nama Multipoint.
Berikut topologi PPP multilink yang akan kita konfigurasi:
Konfigurasi pada R1 :
hostname R1
!
username R2 password 0 cisco
!
redundancy
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
!
interface Serial0/0
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay interface-dlci 102 ppp Virtual-Template1
!
interface Serial0/1
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay interface-dlci 103 ppp Virtual-Template1
!
interface Virtual-Template1
ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
ppp authentication chap
ppp multilink
!
router eigrp 10
network 0.0.0.0
Konfigurasi pada R2 :
hostname R2
!
username R1 password 0 cisco
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
!
interface Serial0/2
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay interface-dlci 201 ppp Virtual-Template1
!
interface Serial0/3
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay interface-dlci 301 ppp Virtual-Template1
!
interface Virtual-Template1
ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
ppp authentication chap
ppp multilink
!
router eigrp 10
network 0.0.0.0
Konfigurasi FRSW
Frame-relay switching
interface Serial0/0
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay intf-type dce
frame-relay route 102 interface Serial0/2 201
!
interface Serial0/1
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay intf-type dce
frame-relay route 103 interface Serial0/3 301
!
interface Serial0/2
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay intf-type dce
frame-relay route 201 interface Serial0/0 102
!
interface Serial0/3
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay intf-type dce
frame-relay route 301 interface Serial0/1 103
Verifikasi :
R2#sh ppp multilink
Virtual-Access4
Bundle name: R1
Remote Username: R1
Remote Endpoint Discriminator: [1] R1
Local Username: R2
Local Endpoint Discriminator: [1] R2
Bundle up for 00:07:31, total bandwidth 200000, load 1/255
Receive buffer limit 24384 bytes, frag timeout 1000 ms
0/0 fragments/bytes in reassembly list
0 lost fragments, 0 reordered
0/0 discarded fragments/bytes, 0 lost received
0x62 received sequence, 0x62 sent sequence
Member links: 2 (max 255, min not set)
Vi2, since 00:07:31
Vi1, since 00:07:19
No inactive multilink interfaces
Jika pada konfigurasi di atas kita tidak menggunakan username hostlawan, maka dapat pula dikonfigurasikan dimasing-masing router R1 dan R2 seperti berikut :
R1(config)#username JAKARTA pass cisco
R1(config)#int virtual-template 1
R1(config)#ppp chap hostname BOGOR
R2(config)#username BOGOR pass cisco
R2(config)#int virtual-template 1
R2(config)#ppp chap hostname JAKARTA
Pada switch, untuk menggabungkan beberapa link menjadi 1 group dikenal dengan istilah ether channel. Sedangkan pada FR, dikenal dengan nama Multipoint.
Konfigurasi pada R1 :
hostname R1
!
username R2 password 0 cisco
!
redundancy
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
!
interface Serial0/0
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay interface-dlci 102 ppp Virtual-Template1
!
interface Serial0/1
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay interface-dlci 103 ppp Virtual-Template1
!
interface Virtual-Template1
ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
ppp authentication chap
ppp multilink
!
router eigrp 10
network 0.0.0.0
Konfigurasi pada R2 :
hostname R2
!
username R1 password 0 cisco
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
!
interface Serial0/2
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay interface-dlci 201 ppp Virtual-Template1
!
interface Serial0/3
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay interface-dlci 301 ppp Virtual-Template1
!
interface Virtual-Template1
ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
ppp authentication chap
ppp multilink
!
router eigrp 10
network 0.0.0.0
Konfigurasi FRSW
Frame-relay switching
interface Serial0/0
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay intf-type dce
frame-relay route 102 interface Serial0/2 201
!
interface Serial0/1
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay intf-type dce
frame-relay route 103 interface Serial0/3 301
!
interface Serial0/2
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay intf-type dce
frame-relay route 201 interface Serial0/0 102
!
interface Serial0/3
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay intf-type dce
frame-relay route 301 interface Serial0/1 103
Verifikasi :
R2#sh ppp multilink
Virtual-Access4
Bundle name: R1
Remote Username: R1
Remote Endpoint Discriminator: [1] R1
Local Username: R2
Local Endpoint Discriminator: [1] R2
Bundle up for 00:07:31, total bandwidth 200000, load 1/255
Receive buffer limit 24384 bytes, frag timeout 1000 ms
0/0 fragments/bytes in reassembly list
0 lost fragments, 0 reordered
0/0 discarded fragments/bytes, 0 lost received
0x62 received sequence, 0x62 sent sequence
Member links: 2 (max 255, min not set)
Vi2, since 00:07:31
Vi1, since 00:07:19
No inactive multilink interfaces
Jika pada konfigurasi di atas kita tidak menggunakan username hostlawan, maka dapat pula dikonfigurasikan dimasing-masing router R1 dan R2 seperti berikut :
R1(config)#username JAKARTA pass cisco
R1(config)#int virtual-template 1
R1(config)#ppp chap hostname BOGOR
R2(config)#username BOGOR pass cisco
R2(config)#int virtual-template 1
R2(config)#ppp chap hostname JAKARTA
Minggu, 05 Mei 2013
Frame Relay
Beberapa hal yang perlu diketahui dalam mempelajari Frame Relay (FR) adalah : VC, DLCI, Mapping FR, Inverse ARP, split horizon, NBMA, LMI type, dll. Untuk itu, sebelum saya melanjutkan tulisan ke materi lab FR, saya akan sedikit memberi penjelasan tentang point-point tersebut.
- VC (Virtual Circuit).Dalam FR, terdapat perbedaan antara Physical dan Logical connections. Physical connection adalah sebuah link yang hanya terhubung melalui kabel serial. Sedangkan logical connection (atau sering disebut VC, seperti gambar dibawah) dapat langsung terhubung dari router customer di lokasi A ke lokasi B. Pada gambar di atas, terdapat 2 buah VC yang menghubungkan HQ router dengan router yang ada di Branch office. Antar sesama router branch office dapat saling berkomunikasi melalui HQ router.
- DLCI (Data Link Connection Identifier). DLCI ini sama halnya seperti IP Address pada layer 3. DLCI digunakan untuk pengalamatan routing pada FR. FR tidak menggunakan MAC Address pada layer Data link karena pada FR menggunakan interface serial. Sebagai pengganti MAC address tersebut, FR menggunakan DLCI.
- Mapping FR. Dalam FR, untuk meroutingkan router-router yang terhubung dengan jaringan FR digunakan cara mapping. Mapping dalam FR dapat dilakukan dengan cara Dynamic maupun Static. Saat melakukan verifikasi mapping (show frame relay map), terdapat 3 status mapping yaitu Active (mappingnya telah berjalan baik), inactive (terdapat problem antara router kita dengan router lainnya), serta deleted (terdapat problem pada router kita). Pada sub interface point to point, mapping yang bisa digunakan hanya dynamic mapping (frame-relay interface-dlci dlcinumber). Sedangkan pada main interface dan sub interface multipoint, mapping bisa menggunakan dynamic dan static.
- Inverse ARP. Sebagaimana yang telah disebutkan, bahwa Mapping dalam FR dapat dilakukan secara dynamic maupun static. Secara default, status mapping pada FR adalah dynamic (inverse ARP). Jadi tanpa melakukan konfigurasi mapping pada interface FRnya, router akan meng-create mapping secara auto (fungsi inverse ARP).
- Split horizon. Issue split horizon adalah issue yang sering terjadi pada FR. Split horizon tidak akan men-forward keluar paket yang masuk melalui satu interface yang sama. Misalkan paket masuk melalui interface x, maka paket tersebut tidak akan bisa dikirim lagi melalui interface x. Untuk mencegah terjadinya split horizon, maka disable split horizon under interface, atau juga menggunakan sub interface point to point.
- NBMA (Non Broadcast Multi Access). Secara default, Frame relay mengenal jaringan NBMA. Sehingga untuk menggunakan routing protocol OSPF, RIP atau EIGRP over frame relay, harus di konfigurasikan broadcast, karena secara default, routing2 tersebut melakukan update dengan multicast.
- LMI (Local Management Interface). Fungsi LMI pada frame relay adalah sebagai mekanisme keepalive, memberi informasi apakah PVC kondisi active atau inactive. Pada router cisco, type LMI default adalah cisco. Namun sebenarnya terdapat 3 type LMI yang dikenal yaitu, Cisco, Ansi dan Q 933 A. LMI tipe ini harus sama antar semua router FR.
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